PMC

A. Texture timing-diagram that captures the relative qualitative descriptors of texture in the ROI, weighted solely upon the scalar entropy values obtained during the stages of development (), maps the texture as relatively “coarse/rough” and “smooth/fine.” From this qualitative perspective, the lateral fibronectin network is relatively coarse compared with the medial fibronectin network during HH stage 5 of development. However, the lateral network evolves into a relatively smooth texture during HH stage 6 of development. An absence of qualitative medio-lateral textural anisotropy in fibronectin networks during HH stage 7 is represented as overlapping diamonds that don't belong to a precise textual category. B. Embryonic ECM exhibits regional inhomogeneity of texture. The schematic demonstrates the hypothesized textural “gradient” of fibronectin (a difference in color represents a difference in the relative quality of texture) that might be relevant to mesendodermal cell motility during gastrulation. At scales coincident with the relative density of integrin (a cellular receptor for fibronectin) distribution on a mesendodermal cell, the textural anisotropy of the fibronectin network could potentially manifest as a qualitative textural “gradient” in the embryonic space, thus, influencing regional cell motility.

A: schematic illustration of the 3-dimensional (3-D) orientation of planar surfaces, parameterized by the parameters tilt and slant. Four different tilts (0°, 90°, 180°, 270°) are shown for each of 3 different slants. Tilt refers to the axis around which the plane is rotated away from frontoparallel, and slant defines the amount by which the plane is rotated. B: schematic illustration of the 4 cue conditions used to measure tilt selectivity. In the texture condition, the stimulus incorporated gradients of element size and density. The velocity stimulus was defined by a gradient of speed of dot motion, and the disparity stimulus was defined by a gradient of horizontal disparity. In the combined condition, the stimulus contained congruent texture, velocity, and disparity gradients. Binocular disparities are represented as a red/green anaglyph.

Relationships between total biomass of earthworms (earthworm biomass), texture (sand in 10 cm depth) and plant functional groups (GR, grasses; LEG, legumes) for (A) infiltration rate on subplots with ambient (infiltration capacity +ew) and (B) reduced earthworm densities (infiltration capacity –ew) in October. The total earthworm biomass was extracted in September. Standardized path coefficients are given next to path arrows. Unexplained variation is denoted with e1–e3; *p≤0.05, **<0.01, ***p = 0.001. For details see text.

Effect of temperature gradient and dendrite growth rate on grain morphology.